{"id":2500,"date":"2014-11-16T09:55:48","date_gmt":"2014-11-16T08:55:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/?p=2500"},"modified":"2014-11-16T09:55:48","modified_gmt":"2014-11-16T08:55:48","slug":"linguistique-historique-et-hebreu-biblique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2014\/11\/16\/linguistique-historique-et-hebreu-biblique\/","title":{"rendered":"Linguistique historique et h\u00e9breu biblique"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"1611141\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

La Society of Biblical Literature<\/em> vient de mettre \u00e0 disposition gratuitement en ligne l’imposant ouvrage de R. Rezetko et I. Young, Historical Linguistics & Biblical Hebrew – Steps Toward an Integrated Approac<\/em>h<\/a> (SBL, 2014). \u00a0C’est peu dire qu’il n’y pas de consensus aujourd’hui autour de la datation des textes en h\u00e9breu biblique \u00e0 partir d’\u00e9l\u00e9ments de linguistique historique. Un certain nombre d’ouvrages ont paru ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es\u00a0sur le sujet : I. Young,\u00a0Biblical Hebrew : Studies in Chronology and Typology<\/em><\/a> (2003), A. Hurvitz et al., Biblical Hebrew in Its Northwest Semitic Setting: Typological and Historical Perspectives<\/em> (2006)<\/a>,\u00a0R.C. Vern, Dating Archaic Biblical Hebrew Poetry : A Critique of the Linguistic Argument<\/em><\/a> (2011),\u00a0C. Miller-Naud\u00e9 et al., Diachrony in Biblical Hebrew<\/em><\/a> (2012), I. Young et R. Rezetko,\u00a0Linguistic Dating of Biblical Texts: An Introduction to Approaches and Problems<\/em><\/a> (2014).<\/p>\n

Ces d\u00e9bats, en tous points passionnants, sont tr\u00e8s sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s : il s’agit souvent d’\u00e9tudier les variations entre unit\u00e9s parall\u00e8les (ex. Samuel\/Rois) ou expliquer les divergences dans des corpus identiques ou proches (Bible\/Manuscrits de la Mer Morte\/Pentateuque Samaritain), aux fins de d\u00e9gager des constantes qui permettraient de dater<\/em> les corpus en question. Le probl\u00e8me, c’est que les savants ne sont pas d’accord sur un point fondamental, \u00e0 savoir si cette approche est pertinente. R. Rezetko et I. Young ont l’air de sugg\u00e9rer que la m\u00e9thode habituelle – qui segmente les p\u00e9riodes en trois\u00a0tranches\u00a0essentiellement : h\u00e9breu archa\u00efque, h\u00e9breu classique et h\u00e9breu tardif – ne tient pas compte d’autres faits tout aussi importants, comme le choix stylistique<\/em> d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9 (sur ce point, la meilleure synth\u00e8se des vues et des arguments est celle de\u00a0Dong-Hyuk Kim,\u00a0Early Biblical, Late Biblical Hebrew, and Linguistic Variability : A Sociolinguistic Evaluation of the Linguistic Dating of Biblical Texts<\/em><\/a>, 2012 ; voir la review de Rezetko<\/a>\u00a0; malgr\u00e9 sa connivence avec le consensus, Kim reconna\u00eet p.157 : \u00ab\u00a0it is hardly possible to date biblical texts solely on the basis of linguistic evidence\u00a0\u00bb, il rejoint les trublions Rezetko, Young et Ehrensv\u00e4rd sur certains points cruciaux, et plaide pour une approche descriptive plut\u00f4t que prescriptive ; ses conclusions tr\u00e8s balanc\u00e9es, qui assainissent m\u00e9thodologiquement les d\u00e9bats, sont absolument \u00e0 analyser avec la plus grande attention. On peut cependant lui reprocher de\u00a0se fonder sur\u00a0les textes en leur \u00e9tat actuel<\/em> – choix op\u00e9r\u00e9 pour des raisons pragmatiques, ce dont il est conscient – mais qui n\u00e9glige certaines reconstructions<\/em> que permet la critique textuelle).<\/p>\n

Ainsi, et relativement \u00e0 contre-courant, Young et Rezetko soutiennent dans leur ouvrage (pp.407-408) :<\/p>\n

\n

In general the distribution of less common and low-density linguistic variants in the ancient Hebrew sources is multidimensional and inconsistent rather than unilinear and categorical. We would attribute this to fact that the sources that have survived are predominantly religious writings which are\u00a0written in a High dialect or standard literary language, and consequently the\u00a0distribution of such forms relates above all to \u201cchange from above,\u201d or \u201clearned\u00a0change,\u201d or \u201cconscious implementation of change in a prestigious area of\u00a0language use.\u201d Obviously we would not attribute all variation in the ancient\u00a0Hebrew literary writings to this factor, or \u201cstyle\u201d generally speaking, but it is a\u00a0familiar and viable explanation that has to remain on the table, particularly given\u00a0that other extra-linguistic factors and social dimensions that constrain variation\u00a0cannot be independently or adequately established for the literary writings of the\u00a0Bible.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

On pourra s’en convaincre ou non le long des dix chapitres et 700 pages, pour ma part\u00a0je trouve la th\u00e8se plus convaincante\u00a0que le consensus. De surcro\u00eet, les deux premiers appendices sont extr\u00eamement utiles pour passer en revue les donn\u00e9es. La SBL est donc bien inspir\u00e9e d’en permettre l’acc\u00e8s au plus grand nombre. D’autres volumes gratuits sont aussi disponibles sur cette page<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Society of Biblical Literature vient de mettre \u00e0 disposition gratuitement en ligne l’imposant ouvrage de R. Rezetko et I. Young, Historical Linguistics & Biblical Hebrew – Steps Toward an Integrated Approach (SBL, 2014). \u00a0C’est peu dire qu’il n’y pas de consensus aujourd’hui autour de la datation des textes en h\u00e9breu biblique \u00e0 partir d’\u00e9l\u00e9ments […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[2,8,94],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2500","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualites","category-hebreu-biblique","category-liens"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3MfBZ-Ek","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":3397,"url":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2015\/06\/27\/precis-de-linguistique-semitique-brockelmann-1910\/","url_meta":{"origin":2500,"position":0},"title":"Pr\u00e9cis de linguistique s\u00e9mitique (Brockelmann, 1910)","author":"areopage","date":"27\/06\/2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Un ouvrage qui peut encore rendre quelques bons services... On pourra aussi se reporter \u00e0 Renan, Histoire g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et syst\u00e8me compar\u00e9 des langues s\u00e9mitiques (1863 ; sur BnF). Pour un manuel plus r\u00e9cent, je recommande Jean-Claude Haelewyck, Grammaire compar\u00e9e des langues s\u00e9mitiques (Safran, 2006).","rel":"","context":"Dans "h\u00e9breu biblique"","block_context":{"text":"h\u00e9breu biblique","link":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/hebreu-biblique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"precislinguistiquesemitique","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/precislinguistiquesemitique-197x300.png?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":3625,"url":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2015\/07\/28\/lhendiadys-en-hebreu-biblique-lillas-2012\/","url_meta":{"origin":2500,"position":1},"title":"L’hendiadys en h\u00e9breu biblique (Lillas, 2012)","author":"areopage","date":"28\/07\/2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Ce proc\u00e9d\u00e9 consiste \u00e0 exprimer un seul concept, ou \u00e0 se r\u00e9f\u00e9rer \u00e0 un r\u00e9f\u00e9rent unique, au moyen de deux noms ou de deux verbes. B. Arnold et J.H. Choi, A Guide to Biblical Hebrew Syntax, d\u00e9finissent ainsi le trope : M\u00eame approche chez Beckman et Williams, William's Hebrew Syntax\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "h\u00e9breu biblique"","block_context":{"text":"h\u00e9breu biblique","link":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/hebreu-biblique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"2607152","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/2607152-211x300.png?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":8455,"url":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2020\/03\/21\/ancient-greek-grammar-for-the-study-of-the-new-testament-von-siebenthal-2019\/","url_meta":{"origin":2500,"position":2},"title":"Ancient Greek Grammar for the Study of the New Testament (von Siebenthal, 2019)","author":"areopage","date":"21\/03\/2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Si comme moi vous ne lisez pas la \"langue biblique\" qu'est l'allemand, vous serez s\u00fbrement ravi d'apprendre que la grammaire grecque du NT de von Siebenthal, Griechische Grammatik zum Neuen Testament (1985-2011) vient d'\u00eatre traduite en anglais : Heinrich von Siebenthal, Ancient Greek Grammar for the Study of the New\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "actualit\u00e9s"","block_context":{"text":"actualit\u00e9s","link":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/actualites\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/2103201-198x300.png?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":5981,"url":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2017\/03\/21\/bible-hebreu-francais-2017\/","url_meta":{"origin":2500,"position":3},"title":"Bible h\u00e9breu-fran\u00e7ais (2017)","author":"areopage","date":"21\/03\/2017","format":false,"excerpt":"La Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Biblique d'Isra\u00ebl vient d'\u00e9diter une nouvelle bible, en h\u00e9breu\u00a0et fran\u00e7ais parall\u00e8les (f\u00e9vrier 2017). Pour l'AT, c'est le texte massor\u00e9tique, et pour le NT, c'est une version en h\u00e9breu moderne. Quant \u00e0 la version fran\u00e7aise, il s'agit de la Nouvelle Bible Segond. En annexe, la prononciation des lettres h\u00e9bra\u00efques,\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "h\u00e9breu biblique"","block_context":{"text":"h\u00e9breu biblique","link":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/hebreu-biblique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/210317.png?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":4685,"url":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2016\/03\/10\/les-langues-bibliques-avec-memrise\/","url_meta":{"origin":2500,"position":4},"title":"Les langues bibliques avec Memrise","author":"areopage","date":"10\/03\/2016","format":false,"excerpt":"C'est une application qui est facile \u00e0 adopter, intuitive et passablement addictive... Memrise. Cette application, disponible en ligne, sur Google Play et sur l'App Store, permet d'apprendre ou de r\u00e9viser du vocabulaire. Mais cela va plus loin : d\u00e9partements fran\u00e7ais, code de la route, \u00e9gyptien hi\u00e9roglyphique, peinture, chronologies diverses, tests\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "grec biblique"","block_context":{"text":"grec biblique","link":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/grec-biblique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"1","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/1-300x278.png?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":7631,"url":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2019\/08\/11\/linguistics-biblical-exegesis-mangum-westbury-2017\/","url_meta":{"origin":2500,"position":5},"title":"Linguistics & Biblical Exegesis (Mangum & Westbury, 2017)","author":"areopage","date":"11\/08\/2019","format":false,"excerpt":"La collection Lexham Methods Series, que j'ai d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9voqu\u00e9e (ici et ici), condense en quelques volumes l'essentiel des disciplines utiles pour l'interpr\u00e9tation de la Bible en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral (critique textuelle, approche historico-critique, critique des formes et des genres), et le volume ici pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 Linguistics & Biblical Exegesis, \u00e9dit\u00e9 par D. Mangum\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "grec biblique"","block_context":{"text":"grec biblique","link":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/grec-biblique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/080319a-200x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2500","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2500"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2500\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2505,"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2500\/revisions\/2505"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2500"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2500"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2500"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}