{"id":1315,"date":"2014-01-18T21:10:42","date_gmt":"2014-01-18T20:10:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/?p=1315"},"modified":"2014-01-18T21:10:42","modified_gmt":"2014-01-18T20:10:42","slug":"le-blaspheme-de-caligula-%ce%b9%ce%b1%cf%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2014\/01\/18\/le-blaspheme-de-caligula-%ce%b9%ce%b1%cf%89\/","title":{"rendered":"Le blasph\u00e8me de Caligula : \u0399\u03b1\u03c9 ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Suite aux violentes <a href=\"http:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89meutes_anti-juives_d%27Alexandrie_(38)\">\u00e9meutes anti-juives \u00e0 Alexandrie en 38 AD<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philon_d'Alexandrie\">Philon<\/a>\u00a0avait \u00e9t\u00e9 envoy\u00e9 (en 39\/40AD) comme ambassadeur aupr\u00e8s de\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caligula\">Caligula<\/a>\u00a0(12-41 AD) pour plaider la cause des Juifs. C&rsquo;\u00e9tait bien s\u00fbr s&rsquo;exposer \u00e0 la cruaut\u00e9, au cynisme et \u00e0 la perversion de cet empereur.\u00a0On trouve dans la\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/remacle.org\/bloodwolf\/philosophes\/philon\/caius.htm\"><em>Legatio ad Gaium<\/em><\/a> \u00a7353 de Philon un compte-rendu de l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement, et l&rsquo;on ne peut s&#8217;emp\u00eacher d&rsquo;\u00eatre interpell\u00e9 par la rudesse des premiers mots de Caligula :<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u03a3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u1f71\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f05\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c1\u1f7c\u03c2 \u00ab \u1f59\u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u00bb \u03b5\u1f36\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd \u00ab \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u1f72 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2, \u03bf\u1f31 \u03b8\u03b5\u1f78\u03bd \u03bc\u1f74 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u1f77\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u1f77 \u03bc\u03b5, \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f24\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u1f70 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b7\u03bc\u1f73\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f00\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u1f79\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u1f51\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd\u037e \u00bb \u039a\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u1f77\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u1f78\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03c6\u1f75\u03bc\u03b9\u03b6\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f79\u03c3\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd, \u1f23\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72 \u1f00\u03ba\u03bf\u1f7b\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03c4\u1f79\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f50\u03c7 \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u1f7b\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u1f77.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Ce fut en grin\u00e7ant des dents du ton de l\u2019insulte qu\u2019il nous dit:\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u00ab N\u2019\u00eates-vous pas ces gens, ennemis des dieux, qui, seuls, quand tous les hommes reconnaissent ma divinit\u00e9, me m\u00e9prisez et pr\u00e9f\u00e9rez \u00e0 mon culte celui de votre Dieu sans nom? \u00bb En m\u00eame temps il leva les mains au ciel et prof\u00e9ra un blasph\u00e8me qu\u2019il n\u2019est pas permis d\u2019entendre, \u00e0 plus forte raison de r\u00e9p\u00e9ter. (traduction <a href=\"http:\/\/books.google.be\/books?id=7lwLAAAAIAAJ&amp;hl=fr&amp;pg=PA383#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">F. Delaunay<\/a>).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La difficult\u00e9 principale de l&rsquo;extrait se concentre sur le terme\u00a0\u03c0\u03c1\u1f79\u03c3\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd, accusatif f\u00e9minin singulier de<strong> \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u0301\u03c3\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b7\u0314<\/strong>. Le terme a trois sens d&rsquo;apr\u00e8s le <em>Bailly<\/em> (p. 1676) : <strong>1.<\/strong> <em>facilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;abord, parole adress\u00e9e \u00e0 qqn, salutation<\/em>, <strong>2.<\/strong> <em>d\u00e9nomination, nom<\/em> et <strong>3.<\/strong> <em>qualification, attribut<\/em>. Le <em>Magnien-Lacroix<\/em> (p.1589) est un peu plus pr\u00e9cis : <strong>1.<\/strong> parole adress\u00e9e, salutation, <strong>2.<\/strong> d\u00e9signation, d\u00e9nomination,<strong> appel par le nom, \u00e9nonciation du nom<\/strong>, <strong>3.<\/strong> Artt. qualification (je souligne).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C&rsquo;est \u00e9videmment le deuxi\u00e8me sens qu&rsquo;il faut comprendre ici, et les commentateurs ont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement expliqu\u00e9 le geste de Caligula par le geste le plus d\u00e9testable qui se pouvait concevoir aupr\u00e8s des Juifs auxquels il s&rsquo;adressait : <strong>blasph\u00e9mer le nom divin<\/strong>. C&rsquo;est donc qu&rsquo;il le connaissait. Ce nom \u00e9tait peut-\u00eatre <em>Yahou<\/em>\u00a0(\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5, \u0399\u03b1\u03c9) qui \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s r\u00e9pandu \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9poque (autant dans l&rsquo;usage commun que l&rsquo;usage magique &#8211; cf. <a href=\"https:\/\/etd.ohiolink.edu\/ap\/10?0::NO:10:P10_ETD_SUBID:78681\">Shaw,\u00a0The Earliest Non-mystical Jewish Use of I\u03b1\u03c9<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dans l&rsquo;ouvrage collectif \u00e9dit\u00e9 par <a href=\"http:\/\/books.google.fr\/books\/about\/The_Studia_Philonica_Annual.html?id=VNXYAAAAMAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y\">D.T. Runia et G. E. Sterling, <em>The Studia Philonica Annual &#8211; Volume XVII<\/em>\u00a0<\/a>(Brown University, 2005, pp.33-48), Frank Shaw livre une \u00e9tude passionnante sur ce sujet : <em><strong>The Emperor Gaius&rsquo; Employment of the Divine Name<\/strong><\/em>. Je vous y renvoie pour la d\u00e9monstration, et la revue des sources anciennes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Suite aux violentes \u00e9meutes anti-juives \u00e0 Alexandrie en 38 AD, Philon\u00a0avait \u00e9t\u00e9 envoy\u00e9 (en 39\/40AD) comme ambassadeur aupr\u00e8s de\u00a0Caligula\u00a0(12-41 AD) pour plaider la cause des Juifs. C&rsquo;\u00e9tait bien s\u00fbr s&rsquo;exposer \u00e0 la cruaut\u00e9, au cynisme et \u00e0 la perversion de cet empereur.\u00a0On trouve dans la\u00a0Legatio ad Gaium \u00a7353 de Philon un compte-rendu de l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement, et [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[7,9],"tags":[437,436,439,60,438],"class_list":["post-1315","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-grec-biblique","category-lectures","tag-blaspheme","tag-caligula","tag-legatio-ad-gaium","tag-nom-divin","tag-philon"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3MfBZ-ld","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":965,"url":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2013\/10\/19\/philon-et-la-septante\/","url_meta":{"origin":1315,"position":0},"title":"Philon et la Septante","author":"areopage","date":"19\/10\/2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Pour Philon d'Alexandrie, la traduction grecque de l'Ancien Testament, la Septante, est clairement une oeuvre inspir\u00e9e de Dieu. Je relis en ce moment son De Vita Mosis (R. Arnaldez, Cl. Mond\u00e9sert, Jean Pouilloux et P. Savinel, Les \u0152uvres de Philon d'Alexandrie, vol. 22, Cerf, 1967) : dans la rubrique \"Traduction\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;lectures&quot;","block_context":{"text":"lectures","link":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/lectures\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6c\/PhiloThevet.jpg\/220px-PhiloThevet.jpg","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":3677,"url":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2015\/08\/02\/the-problem-of-blasphemy-the-fourth-gospel-and-early-jewish-understandings-truex-2011\/","url_meta":{"origin":1315,"position":1},"title":"The Problem of Blasphemy : The Fourth Gospel and Early Jewish Understandings (Truex, 2011)","author":"areopage","date":"02\/08\/2015","format":false,"excerpt":"C'est un peu par hasard que je tombe sur cette \u00e9tude de Jerry D. Truex, The Problem of Blasphemy : The Fourth Gospel and Early Jewish Understandings (Lulu, 2011), monographie issue de sa th\u00e8se de doctorat \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9 de Durham en 2001. This thesis argues that the Johannine Jewish Christians\u2014those\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;grec biblique&quot;","block_context":{"text":"grec biblique","link":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/grec-biblique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"0208151","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/0208151-198x300.png?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1666,"url":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2014\/05\/27\/luc-11-20-par-le-doigt-de-dieu\/","url_meta":{"origin":1315,"position":2},"title":"Luc 11.20 : par le doigt de Dieu ?","author":"areopage","date":"27\/05\/2014","format":false,"excerpt":"Quand on compare les synoptiques, on peut parfois se demander ce qui explique les variations. Ainsi, dans la controverse qui oppose J\u00e9sus\u00a0\u00e0 des adversaires niant l'origine de son pouvoir (cf. Matthieu 12.22-30 | Marc 3.22-27 | Luc 11.14-23), on lit d'un c\u00f4t\u00e9\u00a0: \u03b5\u1f30 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f10\u03bd \u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03bb\u1ff3 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 [\u1f10\u03b3\u1f7c] \u1f10\u03ba\u03b2\u1f71\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9 \u03c4\u1f70\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;critique textuelle&quot;","block_context":{"text":"critique textuelle","link":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/critique-textuelle\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":398,"url":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2013\/08\/11\/theophile-dantioche-trois-livres-a-autolycus\/","url_meta":{"origin":1315,"position":3},"title":"Th\u00e9ophile d&rsquo;Antioche, Trois livres \u00e0 Autolycus","author":"areopage","date":"11\/08\/2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Les apologistes grecs du IIe si\u00e8cle comme Th\u00e9ophile d'Antioche ont beaucoup \u00e0 nous apprendre : sur leur compr\u00e9hension du christianisme, sur l'\u00e9tat du canon \u00e0 leur \u00e9poque, sur le milieu dans lequel ils \u00e9voluaient. Il \u00e9tait courant de d\u00e9fendre l'Antiquit\u00e9 du christianisme par l'appropriation de l'histoire juive ; de pourfendre\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;actualit\u00e9s&quot;","block_context":{"text":"actualit\u00e9s","link":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/actualites\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"TAA_AA","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/TAA_AA-194x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2162,"url":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2014\/08\/10\/%cf%84%ce%b5%ce%ba%ce%bd%ce%b1-%ce%b8%ce%b5%ce%bf%cf%85%cd%82-ou-%cf%85%ce%b9%cc%94%ce%bf%ce%b9-%ce%b8%ce%b5%ce%bf%cf%85%cd%82\/","url_meta":{"origin":1315,"position":4},"title":"\u03c4\u03b5\u0301\u03ba\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03c5\u0342 ou \u03c5\u03b9\u0314\u03bf\u03b9\u0300 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03c5\u0342 ?","author":"areopage","date":"10\/08\/2014","format":false,"excerpt":"Les chr\u00e9tiens sont-ils des enfants de Dieu, ou des fils de Dieu ? Il ne faut sans doute pas pousser la distinction tr\u00e8s loin, mais il semble qu'on puisse \u00e9tablir une distinction entre \u03c4\u03b5\u0301\u03ba\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03c5\u0342 et \u03c5\u03b9\u0314\u03bf\u03b9\u0300 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03c5\u0342. Du moins chez Jean. C'est l'impression que j'avais, et je suis rassur\u00e9\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;grec biblique&quot;","block_context":{"text":"grec biblique","link":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/grec-biblique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":88,"url":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2013\/07\/11\/quelle-difference-entre-%cf%84%cf%81%cf%8e%ce%b3%cf%89-et-%e1%bc%90%cf%83%ce%b8%ce%af%cf%89\/","url_meta":{"origin":1315,"position":5},"title":"Quelle diff\u00e9rence entre \u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9 et \u1f10\u03c3\u03b8\u03af\u03c9 ?","author":"areopage","date":"11\/07\/2013","format":false,"excerpt":"En grec classique,\u00a0\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9 signifie manger (en parlant des animaux), brouter, ronger, et pour un humain manger (qqch de cru), croquer, avaler\u00a0(cf. Magnien-Lacroix : 1902, Bailly \u00a0: 1972). Ce qui est curieux, c'est que Jean n'utilise jamais le verbe\u00a0\u1f10\u03c3\u03b8\u03af\u03c9 (manger, prendre de la nourriture) mais toujours\u00a0\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9 (il conna\u00eet n\u00e9anmoins \u03c6\u03ac\u03b3\u03c9) :\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;grec biblique&quot;","block_context":{"text":"grec biblique","link":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/grec-biblique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1315","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1315"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1315\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1321,"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1315\/revisions\/1321"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1315"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1315"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1315"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}