Au premier si\u00e8cle en Palestine, la division du temps se faisait en veilles de trois heures environ (\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae). Une nuit en comptait 4 : \u03bf\u03c8\u03b5, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c8\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1, et \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03b9. Ce syst\u00e8me diff\u00e9rait de l’ancien syst\u00e8me h\u00e9breu, qui en comptait 3. En Luc 12.38, on lit : \u03ba\u1f02\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u1fb3 \u03ba\u1f02\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u1fc3 \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u1fc7 \u1f14\u03bb\u03b8\u1fc3 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f55\u03c1\u1fc3 \u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03af \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf. J\u00e9sus \u00e9voquait l\u00e0 un ma\u00eetre parti en voyage, que ses esclaves attendent. Mais ce ma\u00eetre tarde. Et s’il revient \u00e0 la deuxi\u00e8me veille ? Ou m\u00eame \u00e0 la troisi\u00e8me ?<\/p>\n
Certains commentateurs voient dans cette expression un indice sugg\u00e9rant que l’ancien syst\u00e8me de trois veilles existait encore – a minima<\/em>, dans les esprits. C’est une conjecture qu’il est difficile de v\u00e9rifier. Il ne me semble pas opportun de le faire, par exemple, en recourant aux passages plus ou moins parall\u00e8les, comme Matthieu 25.6 (l’\u00e9poux revient, \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03bd\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2, au milieu de la nuit – soit \u00e0 la 2e veille). Le retour se fera de toute fa\u00e7on, \u1f61\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, comme un voleur – en l\u2019occurrence la tournure en Luc 12.38 n’impose pas un retour de nuit : l’attente peut \u00eatre plus longue encore, et s’il revenait \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re<\/strong> veille (3e syst\u00e8me h\u00e9breu, 4e syst\u00e8me romain), carr\u00e9ment \u00e0 l’aube quand on ne l’attend plus ?<\/p>\n Sur l’hypoth\u00e8se de la pr\u00e9sence du syst\u00e8me juif de trois veilles en Luc 12.38, cf.\u00a0– Eugene A. Nida, Comment traduire la Bible<\/em><\/a>, Alliance Biblique Universelle, 1967, pp.257-264 (sp\u00e9cialement, p.262), annexe Poids, monnaies, mesures et unit\u00e9s de temps<\/em> pr\u00e9par\u00e9e par le Dr Robert G. Bratcher (et initialement paru en anglais dans The Bible Translator<\/em>, vol. X, n\u00b04, 1959<\/a>, sp\u00e9cialement p.171<\/a>).<\/p>\n Sur la m\u00e9trologie biblique<\/strong> en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral :<\/p>\n – Module Poids, Mesures & Monnaies<\/strong><\/a> de Bible Parser 2013 <\/em><\/a>(voir la vid\u00e9o ici<\/a>).<\/p>\n – J. Trinquet, \u00ab\u00a0M\u00e9trologie biblique\u00a0\u00bb, in : Dictionnaire de la Bible, Suppl\u00e9ment<\/em>, vol. V, col. 1212-1250 : un examen magistral tout \u00e0 fait indispensable.<\/p>\n – L. Fillion, in : F. Vigouroux, Dictionnaire de la Bible<\/em>, vol.5, col. 481-488, art. \u00ab\u00a0Poids\u00a0\u00bb ; vol. 4, col. 1234-1254, art. \u00ab\u00a0Monnaie\u00a0\u00bb ; vol. 2, vol.63-67, art. \u00ab\u00a0Calendrier\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n – R. de Vaux, Institutions de l’Ancien Testament<\/em>, Cerf, 1961, vol. I, pp.269-296, chap. \u00ab\u00a0Divisions du temps\u00a0\u00bb ; chap. \u00ab\u00a0Poids et Mesures\u00a0\u00bb, pp.297-317.<\/p>\n – Eugene A. Nida, Comment traduire la Bible<\/em>, Alliance Biblique Universelle, 1967, pp.257-264, annexe Poids, monnaies, mesures et unit\u00e9s de temps<\/em> pr\u00e9par\u00e9e par le Dr Robert G. Bratcher (et initialement paru en anglais dans The Bible Translator<\/em>, vol. X, n\u00b04, 1959<\/a>)<\/p>\n – A.-G. Barrois, Manuel d’arch\u00e9ologie biblique<\/em>, A. et J. Picard, 1953, tome II, pp.171-185, section \u00ab\u00a0Divisions du temps\u00a0\u00bb, pp.243-258, section \u00ab\u00a0M\u00e9trologie\u00a0\u00bb, pp.258-273, section \u00ab\u00a0Monnaie\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n – Excelsis \u00e9d., Grand Dictionnaire de la Bible<\/em>, art. \u00ab\u00a0Calendrier\u00a0\u00bb, pp.259-262, art. \u00ab\u00a0Poids et Mesures\u00a0\u00bb, pp.1304-1310, art. \u00ab\u00a0Monnaie\u00a0\u00bb, pp.1073-1076.<\/p>\n – Brepols\/Maredsous, Dictionnaire Encyclop\u00e9dique de la Bible<\/em>, art. \u00ab\u00a0M\u00e9trologie Biblique\u00a0\u00bb, pp.821-825 ; pp.64-66, art. \u00ab\u00a0Ann\u00e9e, mois\u00a0\u00bb ; pp.687-688, art. \u00ab\u00a0Jour\u00a0\u00bb ; pp.910-914, art. \u00ab\u00a0Numismatique et Bible\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n – R. Pritz, The Works of Their Hands : Man-made Things in the Bible<\/em>, UBS, 2009, pp.399-423, Appendice \u00ab\u00a0Weights, Measures, and Money\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n – K. D. Sakenfeld et al., The New Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible<\/em>, Abingdon Press, 2009, vol. V, art. \u00ab\u00a0Weights and Measures\u00a0\u00bb, pp.831-841 \u00a0(Raz Kletter), vol. I, pp.521-527, art. \u00ab\u00a0Calendar\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n – D.N. Freedman \u00e9d., The Anchor Bible Dictionary<\/em>, vol. 1, art. \u00ab\u00a0Calendars\u00a0\u00bb, pp. 810-821 ; \u00ab\u00a0Weigts and Measures\u00a0\u00bb, vol. 6, pp.897-908.<\/p>\n – J. Hastings, Dictionary of the Bible<\/em>, vol. III, pp.417-432, art. \u00ab\u00a0Money\u00a0\u00bb, vol. IV, pp.901-913, art. \u00ab\u00a0Weights and Measures\u00a0\u00bb, vol. I, pp.859-863, art. \u00ab\u00a0Feast and Fasts\u00a0\u00bb, vol. IV, pp.762-766, art. \u00ab\u00a0Time\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n – J. Orr (\u00e9d.), The International Standard Encyclopedia<\/em>, vol. 5, p.3079-3081, art. Weights and Measures<\/em> ; vol. 3, pp.423-435, art. Money<\/em> ; pp.484-488, art. Calendar<\/em><\/p>\n – Les Bibles d’\u00e9tude contiennent en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral une table en annexe : cf. NBS<\/strong> (\u00e9d. 2002; pp.1728-1729), TOB<\/strong> (\u00e9d. 1995; p.3077), TNIV<\/strong> (\u00e9d. 2006, p.2151), Scoffield Study Bible \/ NKJV<\/strong> (\u00e9d. 2002, p.1751-1752), Osty & Trinquet<\/strong> (p.2598), Companion Bible<\/em>, App.51<\/p>\n – En ligne : Etude Perspicace<\/a><\/em>, vol. I, pp.380-383, art. Calendrier<\/em><\/a> ; Etude Perspicace<\/a><\/em>, vol. II, pp.603-604, art. Poids et Mesures<\/em><\/a> ; Biblos, Weights and Measures<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Au premier si\u00e8cle en Palestine, la division du temps se faisait en veilles de trois heures environ (\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae). Une nuit en comptait 4 : \u03bf\u03c8\u03b5, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c8\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1, et \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03b9. Ce syst\u00e8me diff\u00e9rait de l’ancien syst\u00e8me h\u00e9breu, qui en comptait 3. En Luc 12.38, on lit : \u03ba\u1f02\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u1fb3 \u03ba\u1f02\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u1fc3 \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u1fc7 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[7],"tags":[23,743,59,45],"class_list":["post-101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-grec-biblique","tag-chronologie","tag-grec-biblique","tag-metrologie-biblique","tag-45"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3MfBZ-1D","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":965,"url":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2013\/10\/19\/philon-et-la-septante\/","url_meta":{"origin":101,"position":0},"title":"Philon et la Septante","author":"areopage","date":"19\/10\/2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Pour Philon d'Alexandrie, la traduction grecque de l'Ancien Testament, la Septante, est clairement une oeuvre inspir\u00e9e de Dieu. Je relis en ce moment son De Vita Mosis (R. Arnaldez, Cl. Mond\u00e9sert, Jean Pouilloux et P. Savinel, Les \u0152uvres de Philon d'Alexandrie, vol. 22, Cerf, 1967) : dans la rubrique \"Traduction\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "lectures"","block_context":{"text":"lectures","link":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/lectures\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6c\/PhiloThevet.jpg\/220px-PhiloThevet.jpg","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":7157,"url":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2019\/01\/27\/%e1%bc%90%ce%bd-%cf%84%e1%bf%87-%ce%ba%cf%85%cf%81%ce%b9%ce%b1%ce%ba%e1%bf%87-%e1%bc%a1%ce%bc%e1%bd%b3%cf%81%e1%be%b3-rv-1-10\/","url_meta":{"origin":101,"position":1},"title":"\u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u1fc7 \u1f21\u03bc\u1f73\u03c1\u1fb3 (R\u00e9v\u00e9lation 1.10)","author":"areopage","date":"27\/01\/2019","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0Dans l'Ancien Testament, l'expression consacr\u00e9e \u05d9\u05d5\u05dd-\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d4, \"jour de J\u00e9hovah\", assez fr\u00e9quente, renvoie \u00e0 un moment particulier, pass\u00e9 ou \u00e0 venir, de col\u00e8re et de jugement (ex. Isa 13.6, Isa 13.9,\u00a0Eze 13:5, Joe 1.15, Joe 2.1, Joe 2.11, Joe 3.4, Joe 4.14, Amo 5.18, Amo 5.20, Oba 1:15, Zep 1.7,\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "grec biblique"","block_context":{"text":"grec biblique","link":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/grec-biblique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/2701191.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":4898,"url":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2016\/04\/17\/temps-et-aspect-verbal-en-grec-ancien\/","url_meta":{"origin":101,"position":2},"title":"Temps et aspect verbal en grec ancien","author":"areopage","date":"17\/04\/2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Comprendre les modalit\u00e9s de l'expression de la temporalit\u00e9 et de l'aspect est sans doute l'une des t\u00e2ches les plus difficile en grec ancien, et plus encore en h\u00e9breu biblique. Mike Aubrey, sur son blog Koine Greek, fournit une liste utile de ressources pour le grec : Tense & Aspect Resources.\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "grec biblique"","block_context":{"text":"grec biblique","link":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/grec-biblique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":88,"url":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2013\/07\/11\/quelle-difference-entre-%cf%84%cf%81%cf%8e%ce%b3%cf%89-et-%e1%bc%90%cf%83%ce%b8%ce%af%cf%89\/","url_meta":{"origin":101,"position":3},"title":"Quelle diff\u00e9rence entre \u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9 et \u1f10\u03c3\u03b8\u03af\u03c9 ?","author":"areopage","date":"11\/07\/2013","format":false,"excerpt":"En grec classique,\u00a0\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9 signifie manger (en parlant des animaux), brouter, ronger, et pour un humain manger (qqch de cru), croquer, avaler\u00a0(cf. Magnien-Lacroix : 1902, Bailly \u00a0: 1972). Ce qui est curieux, c'est que Jean n'utilise jamais le verbe\u00a0\u1f10\u03c3\u03b8\u03af\u03c9 (manger, prendre de la nourriture) mais toujours\u00a0\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9 (il conna\u00eet n\u00e9anmoins \u03c6\u03ac\u03b3\u03c9) :\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "grec biblique"","block_context":{"text":"grec biblique","link":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/grec-biblique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2991,"url":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2015\/03\/11\/%cf%80%e1%bf%b6%cf%82-%e1%bc%80%ce%bd%ce%b1%ce%b3%ce%b9%ce%bd%cf%8e%cf%83%ce%ba%ce%b5%ce%b9%cf%82-luc-10-26\/","url_meta":{"origin":101,"position":4},"title":"\u03c0\u1ff6\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2; (Luc 10.26)","author":"areopage","date":"11\/03\/2015","format":false,"excerpt":"25 Et voyez : un certain homme qui \u00e9tait vers\u00e9 dans la Loi se leva, pour le mettre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9preuve, et dit : \u201c Enseignant, en faisant quoi h\u00e9riterai-je de la vie \u00e9ternelle ? \u201d\u00a026 Il lui dit : \u201c Qu\u2019est-il \u00e9crit dans la Loi ? Comment lis-tu ? \u201d\u00a027\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "h\u00e9breu biblique"","block_context":{"text":"h\u00e9breu biblique","link":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/hebreu-biblique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"11031501","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/11031501-300x159.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":693,"url":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2013\/09\/15\/%e1%bd%81%ce%bc%ce%bf%ce%bb%ce%bf%ce%b3%ce%ad%cf%89-%e1%bc%90%ce%bd-semitisme\/","url_meta":{"origin":101,"position":5},"title":"\u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c9 + \u1f10\u03bd = s\u00e9mitisme","author":"areopage","date":"15\/09\/2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Le verbe \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c9 - qui signifie \u00eatre d'accord, reconna\u00eetre, admettre, promettre, confesser (que)... - se construit de bien des mani\u00e8res, et notamment : - \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c9 + datif, ex. \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bc\u03b1\u03af \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bf\u1f50\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b3\u1fc6\u03c2 (Luc 10.21) : je t'exalte, P\u00e8re, Seigneur du ciel et de la terre,\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "grec biblique"","block_context":{"text":"grec biblique","link":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/grec-biblique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=101"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}