{"id":88,"date":"2013-07-11T22:20:53","date_gmt":"2013-07-11T21:20:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/didierfontaine.wordpress.com\/?p=88"},"modified":"2013-08-28T20:40:50","modified_gmt":"2013-08-28T19:40:50","slug":"quelle-difference-entre-%cf%84%cf%81%cf%8e%ce%b3%cf%89-et-%e1%bc%90%cf%83%ce%b8%ce%af%cf%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2013\/07\/11\/quelle-difference-entre-%cf%84%cf%81%cf%8e%ce%b3%cf%89-et-%e1%bc%90%cf%83%ce%b8%ce%af%cf%89\/","title":{"rendered":"Quelle diff\u00e9rence entre \u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9 et \u1f10\u03c3\u03b8\u03af\u03c9 ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

En grec classique,\u00a0\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9 signifie manger (en parlant des animaux), brouter, ronger<\/em>, et pour un humain manger (qqch de cru), croquer, avaler\u00a0<\/em>(cf. Magnien-Lacroix : 1902, Bailly \u00a0: 1972). Ce qui est curieux, c’est que Jean n’utilise jamais le verbe\u00a0\u1f10\u03c3\u03b8\u03af\u03c9 (manger, prendre de la nourriture<\/em>) mais toujours\u00a0\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9 (il conna\u00eet n\u00e9anmoins \u03c6\u03ac\u03b3\u03c9) : cf. Jean 6.54, 56, 57, 58, et ce, m\u00eame quand il fait une citation directe des \u00c9critures o\u00f9 figure \u1f10\u03c3\u03b8\u03af\u03c9, 13.18 (Psaume 40.10).<\/p>\n

Faut-il y voir une nuance particuli\u00e8re ?<\/p>\n

Certains soulignent que le verbe, qui veut dire m\u00e2cher<\/em>, croquer<\/em>, est employ\u00e9 pour appuyer un \u00ab\u00a0extr\u00eame r\u00e9alisme\u00a0\u00bb (Pirot-Clamer ; voir aussi R. Brown in Anchor Bible<\/em> vol. 29 p.283) visant \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0couper court \u00e0 toute \u00e9chappatoire vers le sens symbolique\u00a0\u00bb (Lagrange). Ainsi, Delebecque va jusqu’\u00e0 traduire ainsi Jean 6.54a : \u00ab\u00a0Celui qui m\u00e2che ma chair et qui boit mon sang (…)\u00a0\u00bb (\u00c9vangile de Jean<\/em>, Gabalda, Paris, 1987, p.85). Il pr\u00e9cise en note (p.163) : \u00ab\u00a0m\u00e2che<\/em> : \u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd plus fort que \u03c6\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd (…). Il exprime l’acte volontaire permettant d’assimiler un objet qui devient ainsi partie int\u00e9grante du corps humain. – Le pr\u00e9sent du participe marque plut\u00f4t l’habitude que la continuit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

D’autres estiment que ce verbe est employ\u00e9 pour insister sur un \u00ab\u00a0processus lent\u00a0\u00bb (Pigeon, Dictionnaire du Nouveau Testament<\/em>, p.341). On fait aussi remarquer que les r\u00e9p\u00e9titions de J\u00e9sus ont clairement une vis\u00e9e anti-doc\u00e9tique (BAGD) et que l’expression \u1f41 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b1 de Jean 6.54 peut \u00eatre rapproch\u00e9e du Psaume 40.10 (LXX) : \u1f41 \u1f10\u03c3\u03b8\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u1f04\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0(G.R. Beasley-Murray, Word Biblical Commentary<\/em>, vol. 36, p.95 ; Haenchen, <\/b>A Commentary on the Gospel of John, Chapters 1\u20136<\/em>, p.295). Dans ce cas, on peut consid\u00e9rer\u00a0\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9 et\u00a0\u1f10\u03c3\u03b8\u03af\u03c9 comme des synonymes.<\/p>\n

D’autres encore ajoutent que\u00a0\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9 est plus familier (popular substitution for \u1f10\u03c3\u03b8\u03af\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd<\/em>, BDF \u00a7101 s.v. \u00a0\u1f10\u03c3\u03b8\u03af\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd<\/em>). A l’appui de cette assertion, qui nous para\u00eet fond\u00e9e – mais c’est de l’intuition – on pourrait citer le seul autre passage du NT o\u00f9 figure\u00a0\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9 :\u00a0\u1f61\u03c2 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f26\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f21\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 [\u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2] \u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b3\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b3\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f04\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u1f27\u03c2 \u1f21\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u1fc6\u03bb\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u039d\u1ff6\u03b5 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03ba\u03b9\u03b2\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd (Matthieu 24.38). Dans ce contexte,\u00a0\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 c’est pratiquement s\u2019empiffrer<\/em>, b\u00e2frer<\/em>.<\/p>\n

En somme, il y a sans doute du vrai dans toutes ces suppositions. Mais reprenons le verbe dans son contexte plus large, Jean 6.48-58 :<\/p>\n

48 \u1f18\u03b3\u03ce \u03b5\u1f30\u03bc\u03b9 \u1f41 \u1f04\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u1fc6\u03c2.<\/p>\n

49 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f51\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f14\u03c6\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd<\/strong> \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u1f10\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u1ff3 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03c0\u03ad\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u00b7<\/p>\n

50 \u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u1f41 \u1f04\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u1f10\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bf\u1f50\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u1f33\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03be \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c6\u03ac\u03b3\u1fc3<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u1f74 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u1fc3.<\/p>\n

51 \u1f10\u03b3\u03ce \u03b5\u1f30\u03bc\u03b9 \u1f41 \u1f04\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b6\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f41 \u1f10\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bf\u1f50\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03c2\u00b7 \u1f10\u03ac\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03ac\u03b3\u1fc3<\/strong> \u1f10\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f04\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b1\u1f30\u1ff6\u03bd\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f41 \u1f04\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f43\u03bd \u1f10\u03b3\u1f7c \u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03c9 \u1f21 \u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03be \u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u1f72\u03c1 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b6\u03c9\u1fc6\u03c2.<\/p>\n

52 \u1f18\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f31 \u1f38\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2\u00b7 \u03c0\u1ff6\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f21\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b1 [\u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6] \u03c6\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd<\/strong>;<\/p>\n

53 \u03b5\u1f36\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd \u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f41 \u1f38\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c2\u00b7 \u1f00\u03bc\u1f74\u03bd \u1f00\u03bc\u1f74\u03bd \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c9 \u1f51\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd, \u1f10\u1f70\u03bd \u03bc\u1f74 \u03c6\u03ac\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5<\/strong> \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c5\u1f31\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03af\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b1\u1f37\u03bc\u03b1, \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b6\u03c9\u1f74\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd \u1f11\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2.<\/p>\n

54 \u1f41 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong> \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b1\u1f37\u03bc\u03b1 \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b6\u03c9\u1f74\u03bd \u03b1\u1f30\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd, \u03ba\u1f00\u03b3\u1f7c \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c7\u03ac\u03c4\u1fc3 \u1f21\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u1fb3.<\/p>\n

55 \u1f21 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03be \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f00\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03ae\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u03b2\u03c1\u1ff6\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b1\u1f37\u03bc\u03ac \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f00\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03ae\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n

56 \u1f41 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong> \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b1\u1f37\u03bc\u03b1 \u1f10\u03bd \u1f10\u03bc\u03bf\u1f76 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u1f00\u03b3\u1f7c \u1f10\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff7.<\/p>\n

57 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u1f7c\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u1f41 \u03b6\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u1f74\u03c1 \u03ba\u1f00\u03b3\u1f7c \u03b6\u1ff6 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f41 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong> \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u1f00\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u02b9 \u1f10\u03bc\u03ad.<\/p>\n

58 \u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u1f41 \u1f04\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u1f10\u03be \u03bf\u1f50\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03c2, \u03bf\u1f50 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u1f7c\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c6\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd<\/strong> \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03c0\u03ad\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u00b7 \u1f41 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong> \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f04\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b1\u1f30\u1ff6\u03bd\u03b1.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

On remarque que J\u00e9sus emploie aussi bien \u03c6\u03ac\u03b3\u03c9 que \u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9. Mais tandis qu’il \u00e9voque les anc\u00eatres qui ont mang\u00e9 (\u03c6\u03ac\u03b3\u03c9), pour s’alimenter de mets ordinaires, il emploie \u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9\u00a0uniquement pour signifier la prise de l’aliment par excellence, le pain de vie, qui le th\u00e8me central de son discours. Cet emploi est fait \u00e0 chaque fois avec l’article + le participe pr\u00e9sent : pour moi, cela est signe d’une implication, d’une activit\u00e9 raisonn\u00e9e qui n’est plus celle de l’alimentation, et qui rappelle les\u00a0\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u1ff6\u03bd,\u00a0\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd\u00a0si caract\u00e9ristiques de Jean. Ce n’est pas que\u00a0\u00a0\u1f41\u00a0\u03c6\u03b1\u03b3\u1f7c\u03bd serait impossible, mais il n’y aurait alors plus le contraste<\/strong> avec les anc\u00eatres qui ont mang\u00e9 (\u03c6\u03ac\u03b3\u03c9\/\u1f10\u03c3\u03b8\u03af\u03c9) de la manne et qui sont morts. Et puis cela ressemblerait sans doute plus \u00e0 de l’alimentation. On trouve cette m\u00eame id\u00e9e d’implication personnelle, voire de parcimonie, dans le Pasteur d’Hermas<\/em> (Similitude<\/em> V 7.3). Mais cette analyse ne tient gu\u00e8re avec le passage de Jean 13.18, o\u00f9 manger le pain<\/em> (dans le contexte de la citation) renvoie \u00e0 l’idiotisme h\u00e9breu pour \u00eatre un familier<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Il faut donc creuser plus avant, et dans cette perspective on trouve chez Orig\u00e8ne (Commentarium in evangelium Matthaei<\/em>, XI, 14, 114) des remarques assez r\u00e9v\u00e9latrices :<\/p>\n

\u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03b4’ \u1f02\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf
\n\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5, \u1f43\u03c2 \u03b3\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5 \u00ab\u03c3\u1f70\u03c1\u03be\u00bb \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u00ab\u1f00\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03bd\u1f74 \u03b2\u03c1\u1ff6\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2\u00bb,
\n\u1f25\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1 \u1f41 \u03c6\u03b1\u03b3\u1f7c\u03bd<\/strong> \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u00ab\u03b6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b1\u1f30\u1ff6\u03bd\u03b1\u00bb,
\n\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03b1\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f10\u03c3\u03b8\u03af\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd<\/strong> \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03ae\u03bd\u00b7 \u03b5\u1f30 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03bf\u1f37\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5 \u1f26\u03bd
\n\u1f14\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c6\u03b1\u1fe6\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u1f10\u03c3\u03b8\u03af\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd<\/strong> \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd,
\n\u1f44\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f04\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b6\u1ff6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1, \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f02\u03bd \u1f10\u03b3\u03ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u00ab\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2 \u1f41
\n\u03c6\u03b1\u03b3\u1f7c\u03bd<\/strong> \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f04\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b1\u1f30\u1ff6\u03bd\u03b1\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Citant sans doute de m\u00e9moire, et d\u00e9formant aussi quelque peu le passage (il ajoute \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2), Orig\u00e8ne montre que pour lui \u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9 = \u1f10\u03c3\u03b8\u03af\u03c9 = \u03c6\u03ac\u03b3\u03c9 puisqu’il substitue\u00a0\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9 par\u00a0\u00a0\u1f10\u03c3\u03b8\u03af\u03c9 ou\u00a0\u03c6\u03ac\u03b3\u03c9. Idem dans ses Selecta in Psalmos<\/em>, XII, 1628, 7.<\/p>\n

On ne peut donc exclure que\u00a0\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9 ait le sens affaibli de\u00a0\u1f10\u03c3\u03b8\u03af\u03c9 ou\u00a0\u03c6\u03ac\u03b3\u03c9, comme le sugg\u00e8rent de nombreux lexiques (LSJ : 1832, MM : 644, TDNT VIII : 236, etc.).<\/p>\n

Pour aller plus loin :\u00a0\u00a0C. Spicq, \u201c\u03a4\u03a1\u03a9\u0393\u0395\u0399\u039d: Est-il synonyme de \u03a6\u0391\u0393\u0395\u0399\u039d et d\u2019\u0395\u03a3\u0398\u0399\u0395\u0399\u039d dans le NT ?\u201d NTS<\/em>\u00a026 (1979 \/ 80) 414\u201319<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En grec classique,\u00a0\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9 signifie manger (en parlant des animaux), brouter, ronger, et pour un humain manger (qqch de cru), croquer, avaler\u00a0(cf. Magnien-Lacroix : 1902, Bailly \u00a0: 1972). Ce qui est curieux, c’est que Jean n’utilise jamais le verbe\u00a0\u1f10\u03c3\u03b8\u03af\u03c9 (manger, prendre de la nourriture) mais toujours\u00a0\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9 (il conna\u00eet n\u00e9anmoins \u03c6\u03ac\u03b3\u03c9) : cf. Jean 6.54, 56, 57, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[7],"tags":[743,83,16,43,46],"class_list":["post-88","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-grec-biblique","tag-grec-biblique","tag-synonymes","tag-16","tag-43","tag-46"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3MfBZ-1q","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":7271,"url":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2019\/03\/02\/grammaire-du-grec-du-nouveau-testament-robertson-1911\/","url_meta":{"origin":88,"position":0},"title":"Grammaire du grec du Nouveau Testament (Robertson, 1911)","author":"areopage","date":"02\/03\/2019","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Aujourd'hui encore, la grammaire grecque du Nouveau Testament d'A.T. Robertson,\u00a0A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in light of historical research,\u00a0parue en 1914,\u00a0reste abondamment cit\u00e9e et comment\u00e9e. C'est qu'elle marquait un tournant assez majeur en introduisant dans le genre un peu de linguistique, de philologie, et de m\u00e9thode compar\u00e9e (\u00e0\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "grammaire"","block_context":{"text":"grammaire","link":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/grammaire\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/020319-207x300.jpeg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":6042,"url":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2017\/05\/01\/jean-1-1-sed-perseverare\/","url_meta":{"origin":88,"position":1},"title":"Jean 1.1 : sed perseverare…","author":"areopage","date":"01\/05\/2017","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 Quand on lit sur le blog de David Vincent - blog que j'appr\u00e9cie par ailleurs - le post intitul\u00e9 \"Le prologue de Jean, les T\u00e9moins de J\u00e9hovah et la grammaire grecque\", on se demande : mais y a-t-il un professeur de grec pour sauver les TJ ? et incidemment\u00a0:\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "grec biblique"","block_context":{"text":"grec biblique","link":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/grec-biblique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/0105172-300x187.png?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":823,"url":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2013\/10\/06\/comment-rechercher-tous-les-mots-partageant-la-meme-racine-grec-et-hebreu\/","url_meta":{"origin":88,"position":2},"title":"Comment rechercher tous les mots partageant la m\u00eame racine (grec et h\u00e9breu) ?","author":"areopage","date":"06\/10\/2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Il peut \u00eatre utile de chercher tous les versets bibliques o\u00f9 figure un mot (ex. maison), et tous les d\u00e9riv\u00e9s de ce mot (ex. maisonn\u00e9e, intendant, ma\u00eetre de maison, etc.). C'est possible depuis longtemps avec\u00a0Accordance (il suffit de faire pr\u00e9c\u00e9der un mot grec ou h\u00e9breu par le signe + dans\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "actualit\u00e9s"","block_context":{"text":"actualit\u00e9s","link":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/actualites\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"0610136","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/0610136-300x167.png?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":5732,"url":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2017\/01\/28\/grec-biblique-quelques-outils\/","url_meta":{"origin":88,"position":3},"title":"Grec biblique : quelques outils","author":"areopage","date":"28\/01\/2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Les manuels pour apprendre le grec biblique ne manquent pas. \u00a0Cependant,\u00a0il est beaucoup plus d\u00e9licat de progresser. Je livre ici quelques pistes. La premi\u00e8re concerne un ouvrage sorti l'ann\u00e9e dernier, K\u00f6stenberger, Merkle et Plummer, Gooing Deeper\u00a0with New Testament Greek\u00a0(B&H Academic, 2016), qui est une parfaite illustration du genre d'usuel qui\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "grec biblique"","block_context":{"text":"grec biblique","link":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/grec-biblique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/2801171-206x300.png?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":414,"url":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2013\/08\/15\/jean-1-1c-reponse-a-mjb\/","url_meta":{"origin":88,"position":4},"title":"Jean 1.1c : R\u00e9ponse \u00e0 M. JB","author":"areopage","date":"15\/08\/2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Jean 1.1 est un verset sensible. Il suscite des passions, des d\u00e9chirements, peut-\u00eatre m\u00eame de la haine - en tout cas, du m\u00e9pris. Cela me d\u00e9sole profond\u00e9ment. J'ai pour l\u2019\u00c9vangile de Jean une affection particuli\u00e8re, et ce, de longue date. J'en trouve la langue, le style, le message, profond\u00e9ment \u00e9vocateurs,\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "actualit\u00e9s"","block_context":{"text":"actualit\u00e9s","link":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/actualites\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":7305,"url":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2019\/03\/06\/intermediate-biblical-greek-reader-gupta-sandford-2018\/","url_meta":{"origin":88,"position":5},"title":"Intermediate Biblical Greek Reader (Gupta & Sandford, 2018)","author":"areopage","date":"06\/03\/2019","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0S'il n'est pas difficile de trouver des m\u00e9thodes ou des grammaires de grec biblique, surtout en anglais, les modes interm\u00e9diaires sont plus rares. Il y a pour cela une bonne raison : apr\u00e8s en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral deux ann\u00e9es d'initiation \u00e0 la langue du Nouveau Testament, le mieux pour progresser, c'est bien\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "actualit\u00e9s"","block_context":{"text":"actualit\u00e9s","link":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/actualites\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/0603191.png?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=88"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":556,"href":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88\/revisions\/556"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=88"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=88"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=88"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}