{"id":4322,"date":"2015-11-22T21:33:44","date_gmt":"2015-11-22T20:33:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/?p=4322"},"modified":"2015-11-22T21:44:23","modified_gmt":"2015-11-22T20:44:23","slug":"les-serpents-brulants-nombres-21-8-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2015\/11\/22\/les-serpents-brulants-nombres-21-8-9\/","title":{"rendered":"Les serpents \u00ab\u00a0br\u00fblants\u00a0\u00bb (Nombres 21.8-9)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211152.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-uw9PXBVV\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4326 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211152.jpg?resize=214%2C300\" alt=\"2211152\" width=\"214\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211152.jpg?resize=214%2C300 214w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211152.jpg?w=500 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 214px) 100vw, 214px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"right\">On trouve en Nombres 21.8-9 un r\u00e9cit assez surprenant :<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211151.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-uw9PXBVV\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4325\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211151.png?resize=492%2C85\" alt=\"2211151\" width=\"492\" height=\"85\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211151.png?resize=1024%2C177 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211151.png?resize=300%2C52 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211151.png?resize=900%2C155 900w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211151.png?w=1235 1235w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 492px) 100vw, 492px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"right\">Ce r\u00e9cit pose plusieurs probl\u00e8mes :<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">que faut-il entendre par \u00ab\u00a0un Br\u00fblant\u00a0\u00bb ?<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">pourquoi les Isra\u00e9lites devaient-ils regarder le symbole de leurs maux pour \u00eatre sauv\u00e9s ?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><em><strong>Les serpents br\u00fblants<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Il est vrai que la mention d&rsquo;une sorte de serpent nomm\u00e9 \u05e9\u05c2\u05b8\u05e8\u05b8\u05e3 a de quoi intriguer puisqu&rsquo;elle fait penser imm\u00e9diatement \u00e0 une myst\u00e9rieuse cat\u00e9gorie d&rsquo;anges \u00e9voqu\u00e9s dans Isa\u00efe seul, les <em>S\u00e9raphins<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/22111531.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-uw9PXBVV\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-4339 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/22111531.png?resize=431%2C82\" alt=\"2211153\" width=\"431\" height=\"82\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/22111531.png?w=1015 1015w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/22111531.png?resize=300%2C57 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/22111531.png?resize=900%2C171 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 431px) 100vw, 431px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En Nombres 21.9 le segment \u05e2\u05b2\u05e9\u05c2\u05b5\u05d4 \u05dc\u05b0\u05da\u05b8 <span style=\"color: red;\"><span style=\"color: red;\"><span style=\"color: red;\">\u05e9\u05c2\u05b8\u05e8\u05b8\u05e3<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">, \u00ab\u00a0fais-toi un <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Br\u00fblant<\/span>\u00a0\u00bb <\/span><\/span><\/span>fait \u00e9cho imm\u00e9diat \u00e0 Nombres 21.6\u00a0 <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u05d5\u05b7\u05d9\u05b0\u05e9\u05c1\u05b7\u05dc\u05bc\u05b7\u05d7 \u05d9\u05b0\u05d4\u05d5\u05b8\u05d4 \u05d1\u05bc\u05b8\u05e2\u05b8\u05dd \u05d0\u05b5\u05ea \u05d4\u05b7\u05e0\u05bc\u05b0\u05d7\u05b8\u05e9\u05c1\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u05d4\u05b7\u05e9\u05c2\u05bc\u05b0\u05e8\u05b8\u05e4\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd<\/span><\/span>, \u00ab\u00a0J\u00e9hovah envoya au peuple des serpents <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">br\u00fblants<\/span>\u00ab\u00a0. Au verset 9 le terme \u05e0\u05b8\u05d7\u05b8\u05e9\u05c1 est donc sous-entendu, et il n&rsquo;est \u00e9videmment pas judicieux d&rsquo;\u00e9tablir un lien entre cette esp\u00e8ce de serpent, et la cat\u00e9gorie d&rsquo;anges d\u00e9crite par le proph\u00e8te Isa\u00efe.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ce terme \u05e9\u05c2\u05b8\u05e8\u05b8\u05e3 est en fait un verbe qui signifie <em>br\u00fbler<\/em> (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/gp\/product\/2853007138\/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1642&amp;creative=19458&amp;creativeASIN=2853007138&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=encyclopaed09-21\">DHAB 370<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/gp\/product\/190605553X\/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1642&amp;creative=19458&amp;creativeASIN=190605553X&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=encyclopaed09-21\">DCH 8 : 194-197<\/a>), et on lui conna\u00eet quelques d\u00e9riv\u00e9s, comme \u05e9\u05c2\u05b0\u05e8\u05b5\u05e4\u05b8\u05d4, <em>brasier<\/em>, \u05e8\u05b6\u05e9\u05c1\u05b6\u05e3, <em>fi\u00e8vre<\/em>, \u05de\u05b4\u05e9\u05c2\u05b0\u05e8\u05b6\u05e4\u05b6\u05ea, <em>fournaise. <\/em>Dans la Septante, le terme est essentiellement traduit par \u1f00\u03c3\u03c0\u1f77\u03c2, <em>aspic<\/em> ou \u1f44\u03c6\u03b9\u03c2, <em>serpent<\/em> (+ cf. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/gp\/product\/9042923563\/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1642&amp;creative=19458&amp;creativeASIN=9042923563&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=encyclopaed09-21\">Muraoka 2010 : 357<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211154.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-uw9PXBVV\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4347\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211154.png?resize=263%2C176\" alt=\"2211154\" width=\"263\" height=\"176\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211154.png?w=418 418w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211154.png?resize=300%2C201 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 263px) 100vw, 263px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Si ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 il y avait, c&rsquo;est le texte de Deut\u00e9ronome 8.15 qui permet d&rsquo;\u00e9claircir le sens :<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211155.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-uw9PXBVV\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4348\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211155.png?resize=486%2C273\" alt=\"2211155\" width=\"486\" height=\"273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211155.png?w=808 808w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211155.png?resize=300%2C169 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 486px) 100vw, 486px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ici, le parall\u00e8le entre <em>serpents br\u00fblants<\/em> et <em>scorpions<\/em> fait allusion \u00e0 leur venimosit\u00e9 : ces <em>serpents br\u00fblants<\/em> ne sont autres que des <em>serpents venimeux<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pour Daniel Faivre, l&rsquo;origine de cet \u00e9pisode est \u00e0 chercher du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de croyances populaires locales que Mo\u00efse aurait repris \u00e0 bon compte (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/gp\/product\/2738449093\/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1642&amp;creative=19458&amp;creativeASIN=2738449093&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=encyclopaed09-21\">Faivre 1996 : 25<\/a>)<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Traduit g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement par \u00ab\u00a0serpent\u00a0\u00bb, le mot h\u00e9breu [<em>s\u00e9r\u00e2ph\u00eem<\/em>] souligne qu&rsquo;ils sont \u00ab\u00a0br\u00fblants\u00a0\u00bb. On peut noter qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;est fait nulle part ailleurs dans la Gen\u00e8se mention de ces \u00e9tranges entit\u00e9s. C&rsquo;est sans doute d\u00fb au fait qu&rsquo;\u00e0 de rares exceptions pr\u00e8s, les patriarches ont surtout fr\u00e9quent\u00e9 des r\u00e9gions plus septentrionales o\u00f9 de telles croyances n&rsquo;avaient pas cours, ou du moins pas sous cette forme. Elles auraient alors \u00e9t\u00e9 capt\u00e9es lors du s\u00e9jour de certains groupes h\u00e9bra\u00efques aux confins du d\u00e9sert d&rsquo;Arabie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les consid\u00e9rant comme des forces surnaturelles, on ne pouvait concevoir contre les <em>seraph\u00eem<\/em> que des protections de type talismanique. Celles qui sont mises en \u0153uvre dans cet extrait semblent de m\u00eame origine. Un serpent de cuivre, d&rsquo;usage probablement \u00e9quivalent, a \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9 sur le site de Timna, dans la grande d\u00e9pression qui relie la mer Morte au golfe d&rsquo;Aqaba. Ant\u00e9rieur \u00e0 l&rsquo;Exode, il t\u00e9moigne de la haute antiquit\u00e9 de ces cultes dans un espace g\u00e9ographique o\u00f9 Timna repr\u00e9senterait l&rsquo;aile la plus septentrionale. Mo\u00efse n&rsquo;aurait fait ici que reprendre, pour le compte de YHWH, cette forme de protection magique contre les morsures de serpents.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"attachment_4360\" style=\"width: 350px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.eretzmuseum.org.il\/e\/117\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4360\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211156.jpg?resize=340%2C49\" alt=\"Serpent de bronze, trouv\u00e9 \u00e0 Timna\" width=\"340\" height=\"49\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211156.jpg?w=340 340w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211156.jpg?resize=300%2C43 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4360\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Serpent de bronze, trouv\u00e9 \u00e0 Timna<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cette approche anthropologique, qui entend r\u00e9duire le r\u00e9cit biblique \u00e0 du simple folklore (Mo\u00efse aurait puis\u00e9 dans un \u00ab\u00a0arsenal mythico-religieux\u00a0\u00bb local, cf. pp.24-27), est sans doute extr\u00eame. Mais on ne peut nier que le serpent ait \u00e9t\u00e9 idol\u00e2tr\u00e9 pour ses vertus th\u00e9rapeutiques dans nombre de civilisations antiques : \u00c9gypte, Assyrie, Babylone&#8230; Ce n&rsquo;est d&rsquo;ailleurs pas pour rien que le premier signe en \u00c9gypte op\u00e9r\u00e9 par Mo\u00efse aupr\u00e8s de Pharaon ait impliqu\u00e9 un serpent (Exode 4.1-5, 7.8-13)&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/bpt6k6134639f\/f129.item.r=gaston+maspero.langFR\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gallica.bnf.fr\/iiif\/ark%3A\/12148\/bpt6k6134639f\/f129\/339.53294178780067%2C680.0728015300353%2C1048.6208795112248%2C755.2394146064223\/722%2C520\/0\/native.jpg?resize=377%2C271\" alt=\"\" width=\"377\" height=\"271\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">On remarquera en tout cas un petit d\u00e9tail, avec Andr\u00e9-Marie Girard (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/gp\/product\/2221057600\/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1642&amp;creative=19458&amp;creativeASIN=2221057600&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=encyclopaed09-21\">1990 : 1274<\/a>) :<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L&rsquo;\u00e9pisode se situe \u00ab\u00a0au sortir d&rsquo;Hor-la-Montagne\u00a0\u00bb, soit \u00e0 Salmona dont le nom signifie en h\u00e9breu \u00ab\u00a0idole\u00a0\u00bb, soit Poun\u00f4n c\u00e9l\u00e8bre pour ses mines de cuivre.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dans les deux cas, cela ne manque pas de piquant : le serpent d&rsquo;airain va de fait devenir un objet de culte <em>idol\u00e2trique<\/em> (2 Rois 18.4) ; et sa mati\u00e8re \u00e9tait l&rsquo;airain, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire un alliage de <em>cuivre<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>2. <em>Port\u00e9e symbolique<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">J\u00e9sus a donn\u00e9 une port\u00e9e hautement symbolique \u00e0 ce passage, lors d&rsquo;une discussion avec Nicod\u00e8me (<strong>Jean 3.14<\/strong>):<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039a\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u1f7c\u03c2 \u039c\u03c9\u1fe0\u03c3\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f55\u03c8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f42\u03c6\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u1f10\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u1ff3, \u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c8\u03c9\u03b8\u1fc6\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c5\u1f31\u1f78\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">De m\u00eame que Mo\u00efse a \u00e9lev\u00e9 un serpent dans le d\u00e9sert, de m\u00eame il faut que le fils de l&rsquo;homme soit \u00e9lev\u00e9<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211157.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-uw9PXBVV\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4362\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211157.jpg?resize=267%2C358\" alt=\"2211157\" width=\"267\" height=\"358\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211157.jpg?w=441 441w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211157.jpg?resize=224%2C300 224w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 267px) 100vw, 267px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ce rapprochement pour le moins inattendu r\u00e9sout la difficult\u00e9 que nous avions soulev\u00e9e au d\u00e9but : pourquoi contempler pour son salut l&rsquo;objet de son malheur ? Les Isra\u00e9lites dans le d\u00e9sert durent faire une confiance aveugle en Mo\u00efse, m\u00e9diateur du divin, pour rester en vie. Le serpent qui \u00e9tait porteur de mort devenait le symbole de vie. Parce que Dieu l&rsquo;avait d\u00e9cid\u00e9 ainsi. De m\u00eame la croix, objet de torture et de mort, est devenu symbole de vie (<strong>Jean 3.15<\/strong>) : \u00a0<em>afin que quiconque croit en [J\u00e9sus] ait la vie \u00e9ternelle.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ce qui est cocasse c&rsquo;est qu&rsquo;on peut faire un rapprochement suppl\u00e9mentaire. Ce serpent d&rsquo;airain devint au fil des ann\u00e9es un objet de culte idol\u00e2trique malsain, auquel les Isra\u00e9lites offraient de l&rsquo;encens &#8211; et que l&rsquo;on avait m\u00eame surnomm\u00e9 <em>Nehuschtan<\/em> (\u05e0\u05b0\u05d7\u05bb\u05e9\u05c1\u05b0\u05ea\u05bc\u05b8\u05df par assonance entre \u05e0\u05d7\u05e9\u05c1, <em>serpent<\/em>, et \u05e0\u05b0\u05d7\u05b9\u05e9\u05c1\u05b6\u05ea, <em>bronze\/airain<\/em>), <strong>2 Rois 18.4<\/strong> :<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-family: SBL Hebrew; font-size: large;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05b5\u05e1\u05b4\u05d9\u05e8 \u05d0\u05b6\u05ea \u05d4\u05b7\u05d1\u05bc\u05b8\u05de\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea \u05d5\u05b0\u05e9\u05c1\u05b4\u05d1\u05bc\u05b7\u05e8 \u05d0\u05b6\u05ea \u05d4\u05b7\u05de\u05bc\u05b7\u05e6\u05bc\u05b5\u05d1\u05b9\u05ea \u05d5\u05b0\u05db\u05b8\u05e8\u05b7\u05ea \u05d0\u05b6\u05ea \u05d4\u05b8\u05bd\u05d0\u05b2\u05e9\u05c1\u05b5\u05e8\u05b8\u05d4 \u05d5\u05b0\u05db\u05b4\u05ea\u05bc\u05b7\u05ea \u05e0\u05b0\u05d7\u05b7\u05e9\u05c1 \u05d4\u05b7\u05e0\u05bc\u05b0\u05d7\u05b9\u05e9\u05c1\u05b6\u05ea \u05d0\u05b2\u05e9\u05c1\u05b6\u05e8 \u05e2\u05b8\u05e9\u05c2\u05b8\u05d4 \u05de\u05b9\u05e9\u05c1\u05b6\u05d4 \u05db\u05bc\u05b4\u05d9 \u05e2\u05b7\u05d3 \u05d4\u05b7\u05d9\u05bc\u05b8\u05de\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05b8\u05d4\u05b5\u05de\u05bc\u05b8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05b8\u05d9\u05d5\u05bc \u05d1\u05b0\u05e0\u05b5\u05bd\u05d9 \u05d9\u05b4\u05e9\u05c2\u05b0\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0\u05b5\u05dc \u05de\u05b0\u05e7\u05b7\u05d8\u05bc\u05b0\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d5\u05b9 \u05d5\u05b7\u05d9\u05bc\u05b4\u05e7\u05b0\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d5\u05b9 \u05e0\u05b0\u05d7\u05bb\u05e9\u05c1\u05b0\u05ea\u05bc\u05b8\u05bd\u05df<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Il fit dispara\u00eetre les hauts lieux, brisa les statues, abattit les idoles, et mit en pi\u00e8ces le serpent d\u2019airain que Mo\u00efse avait fait, car les enfants d\u2019Isra\u00ebl avaient jusqu\u2019alors br\u00fbl\u00e9 des parfums devant lui : on l\u2019appelait Nehuschtan.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211158.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-uw9PXBVV\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4365\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2211158.png?resize=215%2C153\" alt=\"2211158\" width=\"215\" height=\"153\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">De nos jours, cet objet de scandale (cf. 1 Corinthiens 1.23, Galates 5.11), synonyme de mort, est le symbole de la r\u00e9surrection du Christ, et donc symbole de vie. Ce que J\u00e9sus disait \u00e0 Nicod\u00e8me, c&rsquo;\u00e9tait donc de voir cette <em>\u00e9l\u00e9vation<\/em> en croix comme symbole de vie, de r\u00e9mission des p\u00e9ch\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Au vrai le sujet \u00e9tait moins l&rsquo;objet de torture que le Fils de l&rsquo;homme lui-m\u00eame : il n&rsquo;a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 question d&rsquo;idol\u00e2trer un objet de torture, mais seulement de voir, \u00e0 travers lui, la direction du salut. Comme Ez\u00e9chias en son temps, les iconoclastes modernes doivent donc proscrire toute v\u00e9n\u00e9ration idol\u00e2trique de symboles, si puissants soient-ils.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Documents \u00e0 consulter<\/strong> : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/gp\/product\/0851117538\/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1642&amp;creative=19458&amp;creativeASIN=0851117538&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=encyclopaed09-21\">DBI 773-774<\/a> | <a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/gp\/product\/0802823335\/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1642&amp;creative=19458&amp;creativeASIN=0802823335&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=encyclopaed09-21\">TDOT 8 : 356-380<\/a> | <a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/gp\/product\/9004111190\/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1642&amp;creative=19458&amp;creativeASIN=9004111190&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=encyclopaed09-21\">DDD 615-616, 742-744, 744-747<\/a> | <a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/gp\/product\/0310241367\/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1642&amp;creative=19458&amp;creativeASIN=0310241367&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=encyclopaed09-21\">ZEB 4 : 449<\/a> | <a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/gp\/product\/0300140053\/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1642&amp;creative=19458&amp;creativeASIN=0300140053&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=encyclopaed09-21\">ABD 5 : 1117<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.fr\/books?id=BJSTQgAACAAJ\">Joines 1974<\/a> | <a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/gp\/product\/2204050148\/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1642&amp;creative=19458&amp;creativeASIN=2204050148&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=encyclopaed09-21\">BA 4 : 397-401<\/a> | <a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/gp\/product\/2828701050\/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1642&amp;creative=19458&amp;creativeASIN=2828701050&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=encyclopaed09-21\">EDB 1 : 609-613<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On trouve en Nombres 21.8-9 un r\u00e9cit assez surprenant : Ce r\u00e9cit pose plusieurs probl\u00e8mes : que faut-il entendre par \u00ab\u00a0un Br\u00fblant\u00a0\u00bb ? pourquoi les Isra\u00e9lites devaient-ils regarder le symbole de leurs maux pour \u00eatre sauv\u00e9s ? Les serpents br\u00fblants Il est vrai que la mention d&rsquo;une sorte de serpent nomm\u00e9 \u05e9\u05c2\u05b8\u05e8\u05b8\u05e3 a de quoi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[8,294],"tags":[492,790,788,789,786,787],"class_list":["post-4322","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hebreu-biblique","category-reflexions","tag-croix","tag-jean-3-14-15","tag-nehuschtan","tag-nombres-21-8-9","tag-serpent-dairain","tag-serpent-de-bronze"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3MfBZ-17I","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1379,"url":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2014\/02\/17\/le-livre-du-juste-josue-10-13-2-samuel-1-18\/","url_meta":{"origin":4322,"position":0},"title":"Le Livre du Juste (Josu\u00e9 10.13, 2 Samuel 1.18)","author":"areopage","date":"17\/02\/2014","format":false,"excerpt":"Josu\u00e9 10.13 :\u00a0\u05d4\u05b2\u05dc\u05b9\u05d0\u05be\u05d4\u05b4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05db\u05b0\u05ea\u05d5\u05bc\u05d1\u05b8\u05d4 \u05e2\u05b7\u05dc\u05be\u05e1\u05b5\u05e4\u05b6\u05e8 \u05d4\u05b7\u05d9\u05b8\u05bc\u05e9\u05b8\u05c1\u05e8 Cela n'est-il pas \u00e9crit dans le Livre du Juste ? 2 Samuel 1.18 :\u00a0\u05db\u05b0\u05ea\u05d5\u05bc\u05d1\u05b8\u05d4 \u05e2\u05b7\u05dc\u05be\u05e1\u05b5\u05e4\u05b6\u05e8 \u05d4\u05b7\u05d9\u05b8\u05bc\u05e9\u05b8\u05c1\u05e8\u05c3, ... il est \u00e9crit dans le Livre du Juste. La Bible fait mention d'un certain nombre de livres aujourd'hui perdus. Parmi ceux-ci des registres (historiques, juridiques), des chroniques\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;lectures&quot;","block_context":{"text":"lectures","link":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/lectures\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"1602143","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/1602143-194x300.png?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":3726,"url":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2015\/08\/18\/nombres-15-30-a-main-levee-la-tete-haute\/","url_meta":{"origin":4322,"position":1},"title":"Nombres 15.30, \u00ab\u00a0\u00e0 main lev\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb = la t\u00eate haute ?","author":"areopage","date":"18\/08\/2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Je continue ma lecture de la th\u00e8se de Truex, un travail d\u00e9cid\u00e9ment passionnant. Son chapitre 7, \"Mosaic law on blasphemy - Numbers 15.30-31 \" me donnera ici l'occasion de revenir, tr\u00e8s succinctement, sur une m\u00e9taphore amusante. \u05d5\u05b0\u05d4\u05b7\u05e0\u05bc\u05b6\u05e4\u05b6\u05e9\u05c1 \u05d0\u05b2\u05e9\u05c1\u05b6\u05bd\u05e8 \u05ea\u05bc\u05b7\u05e2\u05b2\u05e9\u05c2\u05b6\u05d4 \u05d1\u05bc\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05d3 \u05e8\u05b8\u05de\u05b8\u05d4 \u05de\u05b4\u05df \u05d4\u05b8\u05bd\u05d0\u05b6\u05d6\u05b0\u05e8\u05b8\u05d7 \u05d5\u05bc\u05de\u05b4\u05df \u05d4\u05b7\u05d2\u05bc\u05b5\u05e8 \u05d0\u05b6\u05ea \u05d9\u05b0\u05d4\u05d5\u05b8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d0 \u05de\u05b0\u05d2\u05b7\u05d3\u05bc\u05b5\u05e3 \u05d5\u05b0\u05e0\u05b4\u05db\u05b0\u05e8\u05b0\u05ea\u05b8\u05d4\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;h\u00e9breu biblique&quot;","block_context":{"text":"h\u00e9breu biblique","link":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/hebreu-biblique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"1808151","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/1808151-300x247.png?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":675,"url":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2013\/09\/11\/nombres-12-15-ou-le-singulier-collectif-en-hebreu-biblique\/","url_meta":{"origin":4322,"position":2},"title":"Nombres 12.15 ou le singulier collectif en h\u00e9breu biblique","author":"areopage","date":"11\/09\/2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Comme dans un certain nombre d'autres langues, l'h\u00e9breu biblique emploie le singulier pour d\u00e9signer un objet unique, mais aussi souvent un ensemble d'objets, une collectivit\u00e9 ou une esp\u00e8ce. La plupart de ces singuliers collectifs sont au f\u00e9minin (avec de notables exceptions comme \u05e2\u05b7\u05dd, le peuple ou \u05d1\u05b8\u05bc\u05e7\u05b8\u05e8, le troupeau), cf.\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;critique textuelle&quot;","block_context":{"text":"critique textuelle","link":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/critique-textuelle\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"09091314","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/09091314-300x250.png?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":108,"url":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2013\/07\/22\/platon-le-mythe-de-latlantide-et-la-bible\/","url_meta":{"origin":4322,"position":3},"title":"Platon, le mythe de l&rsquo;Atlantide&#8230; et la Bible","author":"areopage","date":"22\/07\/2013","format":false,"excerpt":"La relecture du Tim\u00e9e et du Critias (Critias - L'Atlantide, Les Belles Lettres, 2002), o\u00f9 Platon \u00e9voque le mythe de l'Atlantide est pour moi l'occasion d'un constat. On conna\u00eet la post\u00e9rit\u00e9 exceptionnelle de ce mythe, qui a attir\u00e9 historiens, philosophes, et plus encore, amateurs de myst\u00e8res. J'en ai fait les\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;lectures&quot;","block_context":{"text":"lectures","link":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/lectures\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8047,"url":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2019\/12\/06\/4-evangiles-les-films-biblio-2019\/","url_meta":{"origin":4322,"position":4},"title":"4 \u00c9vangiles &#8211; Les Films (Bibli&rsquo;O, 2019)","author":"areopage","date":"06\/12\/2019","format":false,"excerpt":"C'est une initiative bien originale que proposent les \u00e9ditions Bibli'O : une adaptation mot-\u00e0-mot des quatre \u00e9vangiles, dans la traduction Parole de Vie, 4 \u00c9vangiles - Les Films (Bibli'O, 2019). Plus de 11 heures de films donnent \u00e0 voir et entendre l'int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 des quatre \u00e9vangiles. Il ne s'agit pas d'une\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;actualit\u00e9s&quot;","block_context":{"text":"actualit\u00e9s","link":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/actualites\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/061219-211x300.png?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1601,"url":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/2014\/04\/27\/la-sorciere-den-dor-une-ventriloque\/","url_meta":{"origin":4322,"position":5},"title":"La sorci\u00e8re d&rsquo;En-Dor : une ventriloque ?","author":"areopage","date":"27\/04\/2014","format":false,"excerpt":"Le r\u00e9cit de 1 Samuel 28.3-24 pr\u00e9sente un concentr\u00e9 de m\u00e9faits imputables au roi Sa\u00fcl qui sont bien connus. Mais quand on regarde le texte de plus pr\u00e8s, on d\u00e9couvre des difficult\u00e9s inattendues. Prenons d\u00e9j\u00e0 connaissance in extenso du r\u00e9cit, selon la version de Darby : 3 Samuel \u00e9tait mort,\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;h\u00e9breu biblique&quot;","block_context":{"text":"h\u00e9breu biblique","link":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/category\/hebreu-biblique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"2604141","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/2604141-199x300.png?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4322","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4322"}],"version-history":[{"count":41,"href":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4322\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4373,"href":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4322\/revisions\/4373"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4322"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4322"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/areopage.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4322"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}